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The Reform the Armed Forces Movement, also referred to by the acronym RAM, is a cabal of officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) that attempted to seize power in the Philippines during the 1980s and 1990s. These officers were instrumental in the destabilization of the Ferdinand Marcos and Cory Aquino presidencies. ==Formation== RAM was founded by a group of junior military officers who were disgruntled by the patronage politics and corruption in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1980. The RAM officers, most of whom were graduates of the Philippine Military Academy Classes of 1971, 1972, and 1978, developed their careers during the Martial Law Years (September 21, 1972 to January 17, 1981). RAM was placed under the leadership of the Department of National Defense security and intelligence force, then commanded by then Army Colonel Gregorio Honasan, who was also then the chief security officer of then Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile, who gave the blessing in forming the organization because Enrile too, also wants reforms in the military. From being an apolitical and professional organization, the AFP during the Marcos administration became highly politicized, and promotions were given not through merit but through affiliation or patronage - in the Philippines this is better known as the Padrino System. The PMA Class of 1971 ''Matatag'', spearheaded the struggle of RAM to "reform the service, foster nationalism and patriotism, and fight against corruption and criminal activities." As well as tackle the "problem of favoritism, incompetence, and corruption in senior leadership."〔(The Dusk and the Dawn, PMA Matatag '71 )〕 RAM played a crucial role in the mutiny that spurred the first EDSA People Power Revolution in the Philippines. But after the downfall of the Marcos dictatorial regime, the RAM movement was used repeatedly by the anti-Aquino faction of the elite for their own ends, i.e., in order to stage successive coups d'état against the Aquino administration in their bid for power. All these coup attempts failed miserably in the end. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reform the Armed Forces Movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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